OhioCoreAcademyOhio K–12 lessons

Grade 11

Grade 11 · Science

Choose a lesson below. Each includes an explanation, a model, worked examples and practice with answers.

120 lessons available115 of 115 statements targeted

Science · 2018 framework

Human Anatomy Physiology

  1. 01Identify the levels of organization from cell to organism, relate cell structure to function, and explain how model organisms are chosenExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 02Compare the four types of human tissue and their sub-types, and interpret how each tissue's structure supports its functionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 03Explain homeostasis through negative and positive feedback, work the thermoregulation and blood glucose loops, and analyze how disruption creates imbalanceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 04Use anatomical position, directional terms, body planes, regions and cavities to describe the location of structures preciselyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 05Describe the layers and accessory structures of the integumentary system, relate them to its functions, and explain its homeostatic imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 06Describe bone tissue, long bone structure, ossification, growth and remodeling, classify joints, and identify the major bones of the axial and appendicular skeletonExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 07Compare the three muscle tissue types, explain contraction by the sliding filament theory, describe muscle fatigue and energy use, and identify major muscles and their actionsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 08Describe the structure of neurons and nerves, explain action potential propagation and synaptic transmission, compare the central and peripheral nervous systems, and analyze reflex arcsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 09Trace the pathways of light and sound through the eye and ear, explain balance, taste and smell, and analyze homeostatic imbalances of the special sensesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 10Identify the endocrine glands, their hormones and target organs, compare negative and positive feedback in hormonal regulation, and analyze the stress response and endocrine imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 11Describe the components and functions of blood, explain blood cell production and hemostasis, and use antigens, antibodies and Punnett squares to explain ABO and Rh blood typesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 12Trace blood through the chambers, valves and vessels of the heart and the pulmonary and systemic circuits, explain the cardiac cycle, conduction pathway, ECG, cardiac output and blood pressure, and analyze cardiovascular imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  13. 13Describe the structures and functions of the lymphatic system, explain nonspecific and specific resistance and primary and secondary immune responses, and analyze vaccination, antibiotic resistance and immune imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  14. 14Trace food through the alimentary canal, describe the accessory digestive organs, distinguish mechanical from chemical digestion, explain enzyme action and absorption, and analyze digestive imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  15. 15Explain the structure of the respiratory tree, the mechanics of breathing and gas exchange, measure and interpret lung volumes, and compare obstructive and restrictive respiratory imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  16. 16Describe the structures of the urinary system and the nephron, explain urine formation by filtration, reabsorption and secretion using osmosis and diffusion, explain hormonal control of water balance, and interpret urinalysis and renal imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  17. 17Identify the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, trace the pathway of each gamete, compare oogenesis and spermatogenesis, explain hormonal regulation, and describe reproductive imbalancesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Biology

  1. 18Explain how the organelles of eukaryotic cells work together as a system, compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and predict how substances cross a selectively permeable membraneExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 19Track the inputs and outputs of matter and energy in photosynthesis, cellular respiration and fermentation, and explain how enzymes and feedback regulate the cellular processes that keep a cell aliveExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 20Explain how the genome encodes proteins: build the complementary strand and the messenger RNA transcribed from a DNA strand, translate codons into amino acids, and explain why cells with identical DNA differExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 21Model meiosis to show how crossing over, independent assortment and fertilization produce variation, and use Punnett squares and probability to predict and explain the outcomes of monohybrid and dihybrid crossesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 22Explain the outcomes of crosses involving incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked traits, gene interactions and gene linkage; read pedigrees; compare observed data with predictions statistically; and use chromosome maps to identify linkage groupsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 23Analyze original and mutated DNA segments to identify gene and chromosomal mutations, predict their effects on the protein and phenotype, and connect those effects to natural selectionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 24Explain how genetic technologies such as recombinant DNA, genetically modified organisms, cloning, gene editing and epigenetic tools work, evaluate their implications, interpret gel electrophoresis results, and place the key discoveries of genetics on a timelineExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 25Explain how natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, gene flow and sexual selection change the proportions of traits in a population, and use the Hardy-Weinberg principle to compare observed gene frequencies with expected onesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 26Explain how populations become distinct species, compare historical and modern explanations of evolution, evaluate molecular, anatomical and fossil evidence including convergent evolution, and read cladograms as hypotheses of relatednessExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 27Measure species diversity and explain genetic diversity, evaluate why populations with low genetic diversity are more likely to become extinct, and advise on the trade-offs of crop varieties and wildlife managementExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 28Model exponential and logistic population growth, determine carrying capacity from data, compare ecosystems in equilibrium and disequilibrium, and analyze how invasive species, predator-prey changes and human actions shift themExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 29Explain how climate change, human activity, invasive species and extinction reduce biodiversity, describe feedback loops between sunlight, ocean, atmosphere and biosphere, and use data to predict and lessen impactsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Chemistry

  1. 30Trace how the atomic model changed with evidence and write electron configurationsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 31Predict periodic trends from electron configuration and position on the tableExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 32Predict bond type from electron configuration and electronegativity and link it to propertiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 33Write formulas and names for compounds, draw Lewis structures and predict shapes with VSEPRExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 34Quantify matter with SI units, significant figures, average atomic mass and the moleExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 35Identify intermolecular forces and use their strengths to predict melting and boiling points, solubility and vapor pressureExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 36Classify and balance chemical reactions, identify oxidation and reduction, and predict productsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 37Explain reaction rates with collision theory and calculate energy changes with specific heat and bond energiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 38Describe dynamic equilibrium and its shifts, and explain acids, bases, pH and neutralizationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 39Explain gas behavior with kinetic-molecular theory and solve pressure, volume, temperature and amount problemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 40Use mole ratios to calculate reacting quantities, percent yield, limiting reagents and solution concentrationsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Environmental Science

  1. 41Model human population growth and interpret demographic data for developed and developing countriesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 42Explain potable water quality, use and availability, and design low-cost treatment and conservation measuresExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 43Analyze climate data across the geologic record, historical data and present-day measurements, and explain the mechanisms and feedbacks of climate changeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 44Apply sustainability principles to lifestyles, communities and shared resources using ecological and carbon footprintsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 45Analyze the causes of species depletion and extinction and evaluate conservation case studies, listings and phenological evidenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 46Explain air quality using the Air Quality Index, tropospheric ozone, particulates, acid rain and indoor pollutants, and design a scrubber to testExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 47Evaluate food production and availability: agricultural methods, land use and yield, energy pyramids, genetically modified crops and food desertsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 48Explain how deforestation and urban sprawl cause loss of biodiversity, compare tree-harvesting practices and evaluate development limitsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 49Compare solid and hazardous waste management methods, explain modern landfill design, composting and recycling, and assess the risk of a hazardous chemicalExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 50Analyze the biosphere: population dynamics, species interactions, ecosystem stability and biodiversityExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 51Describe the atmosphere: its layers and composition, why it circulates, and how El Niño and La Niña reach the other spheresExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 52Explain the lithosphere: geologic events and processes, how soils form and are classified, and how human activity alters the landExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  13. 53Explain the hydrosphere: surface and groundwater flow, ocean currents and climate, and the cryosphereExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  14. 54Trace the movement of matter and energy through the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and biosphere: energy transformations, biogeochemical cycles, weather and climateExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  15. 55Evaluate energy resources: renewable and nonrenewable sources, efficiency, availability and the costs of extractionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  16. 56Analyze air and air pollution: primary and secondary contaminants, greenhouse gases, and the science behind the Clean Air ActExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  17. 57Analyze water and water pollution: potable water and water quality, point and non-point contamination, eutrophication and hypoxia, and the Clean Water ActExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  18. 58Analyze soil and land as resources: erosion and mass movement, desertification, sediment contamination, land use and management, and solid and hazardous wasteExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  19. 59Evaluate wildlife and wilderness management: endangered species recovery, and the effects of invasive and introduced species on Ohio ecosystemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Physical Geology

  1. 60Use P-wave and S-wave velocities, reflection and refraction to probe the internal Earth and locate an earthquakeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 61Describe the structure of Earth from the Moho to the core and use gravity, magnetism, isostasy and heat flow as evidenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 62Trace the historical review from continental drift to plate tectonics using paleomagnetism, magnetic anomalies and paleoclimatology as evidenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 63Explain the causes and evidence of plate motion, measure it with GPS and hot-spot chains, and relate plate boundaries and mantle plumes to geologic events and to OhioExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 64Evaluate renewable and nonrenewable energy resources by their geology, efficiency, availability and the cost of mining and extraction, using Ohio's coal, oil and gasExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 65Distinguish primary and secondary air contaminants, explain photochemical smog and acid rain, and explain greenhouse gases, feedback loops and how rock and ocean exchange carbon with the airExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 66Judge potable water and water quality, explain how aquifers store and move groundwater in Ohio, and trace eutrophication to hypoxia and a fish killExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 67Explain how soil forms from Ohio's glacial and bedrock parent materials, and analyze mass wasting, erosion, sediment contamination and desertificationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 68Explain how glaciers form, move, erode and deposit, use ice-core data as evidence of past climate, and reconstruct Ohio's glacial history from its landformsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 69Read a mineral's chemical formula, classify minerals by composition and predict properties from ionic, covalent and metallic bondingExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 70Explain crystallinity, relate crystal structure to cleavage, hardness and density, and categorize the seven crystal systemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 71Apply the criteria of a mineral and identify unknown minerals by hardness, streak, cleavage, luster, specific gravity and other tested propertiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  13. 72Classify igneous rocks as mafic or felsic and by texture, use Bowen's Reaction Series to explain their minerals, and distinguish intrusive structures from extrusive volcanoesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  14. 73Describe Earth's interior from the crust to the inner core, explain where thermal energy within Earth comes from and how it makes magma, and use igneous rocks to read magnetic reversalsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  15. 74Explain how temperature, pressure, stress and fluids transform a parent rock, classify metamorphic rocks as foliated or non-foliated, sort them by grade and locate metamorphic zonesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  16. 75Trace sediment from weathering to lithification, classify clastic, chemical and organic sedimentary rocks, and read depositional environments, fluid flow and sea-level change from Ohio's sedimentary rocksExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  17. 76Explain daily, spring and neap tides, deep and shallow currents including rip and longshore currents, waves, and the link between thermal energy and water density, and evaluate energy from the oceanExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  18. 77Map ocean-floor features and oceanic crust, contrast passive and active continental margins, read transgressing and regressing sea levels, and explain how streams build channels, floodplains, cross-beds, alluvial fans and deltasExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  19. 78Determine relative age with original horizontality, superposition and cross-cutting relationships, determine absolute age by radiometric dating, and combine the two to date a rock sequenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  20. 79Use the geologic time scale to comprehend geologic time, read the fossil record and past climate changes from rock, and interpret Ohio's bedrock and glacial historyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Physical Science

  1. 80Describe straight-line motion with position, displacement, velocity and acceleration as one-dimensional vectors measured from a frame of referenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 81Interpret and construct position-time and velocity-time graphs to find velocity, acceleration and displacement for segments of uniform motionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 82Draw force diagrams, find one-dimensional net force, calculate weight from mass and gravitational field strength, and explain gravity, friction, normal and tension forcesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 83Explain and predict changes in motion from net force and mass, distinguish equilibrium from acceleration, and identify interacting force pairsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 84Explain the big bang model of the origin and history of the universe and evaluate the evidence that the universe had a beginning and is expandingExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 85Classify galaxies as elliptical, spiral or irregular, describe the Milky Way and our place in it, and explain how light and telescopes let us see galaxiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 86Explain how stars form, why fusion differs from chemical reactions, how the H-R diagram classifies stars, and how stars of different mass end as white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 87Classify matter by composition and properties, and separate mixtures using physical propertiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 88Read heating curves as kinetic and potential energy changes, classify phase changes, and calculate density from mass and volumeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 89Describe the atom, determine atomic number, mass number and charge from particle counts, and model isotopes and ionsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 90Use the periodic law and an element's position to identify its family, classify it as metal, nonmetal or metalloid, and predict its ionic chargeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 91Compare ionic and covalent bonding with valence electrons, predict formulas of binary compounds, and name binary ionic and covalent compoundsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  13. 92Write and balance chemical equations to express conservation of matter, and classify reactions as exothermic or endothermicExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  14. 93Explain nuclear stability and radioactive decay, write balanced alpha and beta decay equations, use half-life graphs, and compare fission and fusionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  15. 94Quantify kinetic and gravitational potential energy and use conservation of energy to find speeds and heightsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  16. 95Calculate work as a transfer of energy, track energy transformations in a system, and account for energy dissipated as thermal energyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  17. 96Explain wave behaviors, relate speed, frequency and wavelength, compare mechanical and electromagnetic waves, order the electromagnetic spectrum, and describe the Doppler shiftExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  18. 97Compare rates of thermal energy transfer, distinguish conductors from insulators, explain absorption and emission of thermal radiation, and describe thermal equilibriumExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  19. 98Explain current, voltage and resistance conceptually, and compare energy transfer in series and parallel circuitsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers

Physics

  1. 99Account for energy stored in a gravitational field and in a stretched or compressed springExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  2. 100Calculate work done by a force at an angle to the displacement and the power at which energy is transferredExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  3. 101Apply conservation of energy to systems with friction, multiple energy forms and measured efficiencyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  4. 102Predict nuclear decay products and calculate the energy released by fission and fusion from the mass defectExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  5. 103Apply conservation of energy, reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference to waves, and solve standing-wave problemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  6. 104Use ray diagrams, the law of reflection and Snell's law to predict where mirrors and lenses form imagesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  7. 105Analyze diffraction patterns from slits and gratings, compare the wave and photon models of light and explain colorExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  8. 106Trace electron movement in charging by friction, contact and induction, and calculate electric forces with Coulomb's lawExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  9. 107Calculate electric field strength and the force on a charge in a field, and account for electric potential energy stored in the field of a systemExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  10. 108Analyze series, parallel and mixed DC circuits for current, potential difference, equivalent resistance and power using the junction and loop rulesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  11. 109Map magnetic fields with a compass and explain the interactions between moving charges, currents and magnetic fields, including induction, motors and generatorsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  12. 110Read and sketch position, velocity and acceleration graphs, using slopes, areas and the sign of accelerationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  13. 111Solve uniform-acceleration and free-fall problems with the kinematic equations, including overtaking, reaction time and multi-part problemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  14. 112Analyze projectile motion by treating horizontal and vertical components independentlyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  15. 113Apply Newton's laws with free-body diagrams to systems of connected objects, elevators and multiple forcesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  16. 114Use the law of universal gravitation and the idea of gravitational field strength to calculate forces, g and net force between massive bodiesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  17. 115Model elastic forces with F = kΔx, measure a spring constant and analyze a mass hanging from a springExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  18. 116Calculate static and kinetic friction from coefficients and normal force, and use friction in constant-velocity, accelerating and stopping problemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  19. 117Explain air resistance and drag with the particle model, find the drag force from a free-body diagram and acceleration, and analyze terminal velocityExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  20. 118Resolve forces into components, add vector forces, and solve for motion along inclines and under angled forcesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  21. 119Analyze uniform circular motion with a_c = v²/r and identify the force that provides the centripetal forceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
  22. 120Use momentum, impulse and conservation of momentum to analyze collisions, stops and separations in one dimensionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers