Social studies · 2018 framework
American Government
- 01Identify opportunities for civic engagement within government structures and through parties, interest groups and the mediaExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 02Analyze issues through the critical use of credible sources and explain how persuasion, compromise, consensus building and negotiation serve the democratic processExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 03Explain how the basic principles of the U.S. Constitution define a federal republic, its structure, its powers and its relationship with the governedExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 04Analyze how the Federalist and Anti-Federalist papers framed the ratification debate and how the Bill of Rights was drafted in response to itExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 05Explain how amendments, Supreme Court decisions, legislation and informal practices have changed constitutional government, including amendments that altered the structure and functions of the federal governmentExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 06Analyze how the Reconstruction Amendments extended constitutional protections to African Americans and how later amendments provided suffrage for disenfranchised groupsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 07Explain how the three branches create and implement law and public policy, and analyze how the political process drives their interaction on current issuesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 08Analyze rights that protect people from undue governmental interference, the responsibilities that come with them, and the historical struggle between majority rule and minority rightsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 09Compare the Ohio Constitution with the U.S. Constitution, explain why Ohio changed its constitution in 1851, and describe how individuals assist state and local governments with controversial community problemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 10Identify the entities in all three branches and at every level that address domestic and international policy issues, and explain how individuals and organizations help determine public policyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 11Explain how the federal government uses spending and tax policy and regulation, and how the Federal Reserve uses monetary tools, to moderate the business cycle and foster growthExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
American History
- 12Evaluate the credibility of primary and secondary sources, build an evidence-based thesis, and analyze cause, effect, sequence and correlationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 13Explain how the Declaration of Independence, the Northwest Ordinance and the Constitution define the rights and role of the peopleExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 14Explain how the Federalist and Anti-Federalist debate over individual protections and limits on government power produced the Bill of RightsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 15Explain how corporations, heavy industry, mechanized farming and technological innovation transformed an agrarian economy into an urban industrial societyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 16Explain how industrialization expanded the workforce and why labor organizations grew amid unregulated conditions, laissez-faire policy and violenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 17Explain how immigration, internal migration and urbanization transformed American life, 1870-1920Explanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 18Explain how continued western settlement intensified conflict with American Indian nations and reinforced the reservation systemExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 19Explain how old political and social structures reemerged after Reconstruction and racial discrimination was institutionalizedExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 20Explain how Progressive era reforms addressed the ills of industrial capitalism, urbanization and political corruptionExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 21Explain how overseas expansion, the Spanish-American War and World War I made the United States a world powerExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 22Explain American peace efforts after World War I and how the Versailles Treaty and League of Nations debate led the United States to limit its international roleExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 23Explain how racial intolerance, anti-immigrant attitudes and the Red Scare contributed to social unrest after World War IExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 24Analyze how a higher standard of living and new technology changed American culture and created tensions in the 1920sExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 25Explain how the Harlem Renaissance, African-American migration, women's suffrage and Prohibition contributed to social changeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 26Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and explain how the role of the federal government expanded in responseExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 27Explain how the United States moved away from intervention in the Western Hemisphere and kept an isolationist approach to Europe and Asia in the 1930sExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 28Analyze how mobilization in World War II changed American society and how marginalized groups served while protesting unfair treatmentExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 29Explain how atomic weapons began the nuclear age and how the United States adopted containment in the early Cold WarExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 30Analyze the Second Red Scare and McCarthyism, and explain how the Cold War and the Korean and Vietnam wars influenced domestic and international politicsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 31Analyze the struggle for racial and gender equality and the extension of civil rights after World War IIExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 32Explain how the postwar boom, science and technology, suburbanization, Sun Belt migration and the 1965 Immigration Act changed American life and politicsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 33Analyze debates over the role of government and explain how globalization and the shift to services changed the American economyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 34Explain how the Cold War ended and analyze the political, security, economic and foreign-policy challenges the United States has faced sinceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
Contemporary World Issues
- 35Explain how trade, alliances, treaties and international organizations increase the interconnectedness of nations and peoplesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 36Analyze how advances in communications technology affect the sharing of information across national and cultural bordersExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 37Evaluate how media messages are constructed for a purpose and assess how effective communicators address diverse audiencesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 38Assess world events, deliberate civilly and influence public processes, then plan and evaluate civic action on a global issueExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 39Explain how individuals can participate through non-governmental organizations to help address humanitarian needsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 40Explain how beliefs about civil and human rights vary among systems and how national interests produce conflict and cooperation over injustices against minority groupsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 41Explain how modern instances of genocide and ethnic cleansing raise questions about the responsibilities of participants and non-participantsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 42Evaluate how decisions about human activities affect current and future generations, and how perspectives shape sustainability issuesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 43Explain how international associations and nongovernmental organizations enable collaboration on sustainability issues at local, national and international levelsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 44Analyze how technology influences economic, political, ethical and social issues and weigh the trade-offs and consequences of technological decisionsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 45Explain what nations seek to secure, what maintaining security costs, and how diplomacy and cooperation mitigate conflictExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 46Evaluate how individuals and organizations work within or outside established systems of power to influence securityExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 47Analyze who gains and who loses in the global economy and how the distribution of wealth and economic power among countries changes over timeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 48Explain how trade agreements, multinational organizations, embargoes and protectionism impact markets, and how interdependence spreads economic circumstances between countriesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
Economics Financial Literacy
- 49Analyze multiple sources of economic data and read bank, stock market and mutual fund reports to make personal finance decisionsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 50Explain scarcity and opportunity cost and compare how traditional, market, command and mixed systems allocate limited resourcesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 51Explain how supply and demand changes adjust market prices and how competition among sellers and buyers allocates goodsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 52Assess national economic well-being with government indicators and analyze intended and unintended consequences of economic policyExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 53Use comparative advantage to explain the gains from trade and analyze how tariffs, quotas, subsidies and trade agreements affect international tradeExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 54Explain the factors that determine income and read an employee earnings statement from gross wages to net payExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 55Make financial decisions by weighing costs and benefits, build a personal financial plan and budget, and compare payment methodsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 56Explain how saving and investing build wealth through compound growth and how savings serve as a buffer against economic hardshipExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 57Compare the costs and benefits of saving and investing alternatives and the institutions that provide certificates of deposit, stocks, bonds and mutual fundsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 58Compare the costs and benefits of credit from different financial institutions, manage credit and debt to maintain creditworthiness, and explain consumer protection lawsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 59Explain how property, liability, health, disability and life insurance manage risk, and take steps to safeguard personal financial informationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
Modern World History
- 60Examine the credibility of primary and secondary sources, build a thesis from evidence, and analyze multiple causationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 61Explain how the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment ideas challenged religious authority, absolute rule and mercantilismExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 62Explain how the American and French Revolutions influenced Latin American revolutions for independenceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 63Analyze the social, political and economic effects of industrialization on Western Europe and the worldExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 64Analyze the roots and methods of imperialism and how colonizers and the colonized viewed its consequencesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 65Evaluate how advances in technology, communication and transportation improved lives and also had negative consequencesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 66Analyze how militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances caused World War IExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 67Trace how World War I and the worldwide depression led to the Russian Revolution, totalitarianism, Axis expansion, appeasement and World War IIExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 68Explain how oppression and discrimination resulted in the Armenian Genocide during World War I and the Holocaust during World War IIExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 69Explain how World War II devastated Europe and Asia, led to the occupation of Eastern Europe and Japan, and began the atomic ageExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 70Explain how the United States and the Soviet Union competed for global influence and how postwar treaties changed borders and created multinational organizationsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 71Analyze nationalist movements in Africa and Southeast Asia, regional conflicts in the Middle East, and expanded rights for women and indigenous peoplesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 72Explain the challenges created by the break-up of the Soviet Union, post-Cold War regional and ethnic conflicts, and struggles for self-governanceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 73Explain how emerging economic powers and technology created an interdependent global economy, and why nuclear proliferation challenges world peaceExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 74Explain how population growth, longer life expectancy and mass migration create challenges, and how environmental concerns produced a movement for sustainabilityExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
World Geography
- 75Evaluate how the properties of maps, globes and other geographic representations affect what they can showExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 76Use geographic representations and geospatial technologies to investigate, analyze and communicate a geographic problemExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 77Trace how human modification of the physical environment in one place leads to changes in other placesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 78Analyze the strategies societies use to adapt to the opportunities and constraints of the physical environmentExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 79Explain how physical processes form and distribute resources, and weigh the costs and benefits of using renewable, nonrenewable and flow resourcesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 80Explain how cultural characteristics affect the ways people interact with the environmentExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 81Analyze the physical, cultural, economic and political factors behind human migrations and their impacts on physical and human systemsExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 82Explain how trade and communication create interdependence among regions and reduce the effect of time on distributing goods, services and informationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 83Explain how criteria define regions and how regions and their characteristics change over time with consequencesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 84Analyze interconnections within and among regions and use regions to analyze global geographic issuesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 85Explain how settlement patterns change in function, size and spatial pattern, and evaluate the opportunities and challenges of urbanizationExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers
- 86Explain how globalization has shaped new ideas and entities and analyze its cultural, economic, physical and political consequencesExplanation · illustration · worked examples · practice and answers